Android Nougat: A Rich Experience to User

Android 7.0 – 7.1.2 "Nougat is the seventh major version of the Android operating system.
Nougat introduces notable changes to the operating system and its development platform, including the ability to display multiple apps on-screen at once in a split-screen view, support OpenJDK-based Java environment and Vulkan graphics rendering API, and "seamless" system updates on supported devices which makes it easy to use and more user friendly.

Features

The OS that speaks your languages

Bring your words to life with updated and entirely new emoji, and the ability to use two or more languages at the same time.
New Emoji :- Over 1500 emoji including 72 new ones. Android Nougat includes the latest and greatest Emoji approved by the powers that be, including bacon! Beyond the latest and greatest emoji baked right in to Android, you'll also notice Google has reworked most of the emoji included on its mobile devices. Smiley faces now have a more human look and feel to them

Multi Locale language settings:- It makes it simple to switch between multiple languages and input methods. This is useful if you have to write in multiple scripts. You can switch the keyboards by pressing the keys on the on-screen keyboard itself and without venturing into the settings every time. You can just set the definite set of languages and keyboards, and switching is just pressing a button. As an example, it means you can switch between English, Japanese, and Mandarin from the keyboard app itself.

Multi-window view :- To activate multi-window mode, long-press on the recent apps button. Whichever app you’re currently using will go to the top of the screen (on a phone, or to the left on a tablet), with a list of recent apps shown along the bottom.

Select the second app you want to use from the list. Drag the divider to resize the app windows, or to maximize either of the active apps

Daydreams become screen savers :- With Google repurposing Daydream as the namesake for its VR platform, a new name was needed for the previous Daydream feature.

That new name is Screen Saver, which makes so much more sense than Daydream did in its previous incarnation. Android screen savers still work in the same fashion as they always have.

Quicker multi-tasking :- You can now double-tap the recent apps button to quickly switch between your two most recently used apps. For example, say you’re in Gmail but need to look something up in Chrome to include in an email. You can open Chrome, find and copy a link, then double-tap the recent apps button and your device will switch back to Gmail.

Drag and drop text, images in Multi-window mode:- When using two apps at the same time, you can drag-and-drop text between the two windows. Highlight the text, then long-press on it until the text begins to float.

Drag it to a text field in another window, and let go. The same goes for sharing images between two apps, assuming they’ve been updated for the latest of Google’s wares.

Track the APK :- Android Nougat will now keep track of where an app was installed from. Open Settings then Apps and tap on any listed application. Scroll to the bottom of the page, where you’ll see the source of the app’s installation. For example, if it was installed from the Play Store it will say as much. If it's something you side loaded, it will state something along the lines of "Installed from Package Installer."
Bundled notifications :- Have you ever posted something on Facebook, only to have your notification tray blown up with alerts of likes and comments? Me neither, but for those who have you’re going to love bundled notifications.

Once an app updates for Android Nougat, it can opt to have all of its notifications bundled into one alert. Slide down on the respective notification to reveal the rest of your alerts for that particular app.

Data Saver :- When using an Android Nougat device, you can enable Data Saver to restrict specific apps from using data in the background. Under the Data Usage menu, open Data Saver and turn it on.

You can then go through a list of apps installed on your device, and enable background data for each one you want. Otherwise, apps will only gain access to a cellular data connection when you’re actively using it.

Reply with speed :- You can now reply to messages from apps like Facebook Messenger, Hangouts, or Messenger directly from the notification.
Cancel button for app downloads :- Ever start to update or download apps from the Play Store, only to remember you’re on a cellular connection or your battery is about to die? You can now cancel downloads directly from the download notification, instead of having to tap through each item in the Play Store.

Keyboard shortcut helper :- Using a physical keyboard with a tablet like the Pixel C adds a level of convenience and mobile computing appeal to the tablet. However, learning and remembering each apps’ keyboard shortcuts can be a chore. With Nougat, you can press Search + / to view a list of shortcuts for the app you’re currently using.

visit :- http//www.havsolutions.com/

 

The Indian E-commerce

E-commerce has transformed the way business is done in India. With attractive and convenient shopping options at the core of the consumer facing business, the e-commerce industry offers the power to create innovative, sustainable, consistent and seamless shopping experience across all channels.

India's e-commerce market was worth about $3.9 billion in 2009, it went up to $12.6 billion in 2013. In 2013, the e-retail segment was worth US$2.3 billion. About 70% of India's e-commerce market is travel related. According to Google India, there were 35 million online shoppers in India in 2014 Q1 and is expected to cross 100 million mark by end of year 2016. CAGR vis-à- vis a global growth rate of 8–10%. Electronics and Apparel are the biggest categories in terms of sales.

According to a study conducted by the Internet and Mobile Association of India, the e-commerce sector is estimated to reach Rs. 211,005 crore by December 2016. The study also stated that online travel accounts for 61% of the e-commerce market.

By 2020, India is expected to generate $100 billion online retail revenue out of which $35 billion will be through fashion e-commerce. Online apparel sales are set to grow four times in coming years.

Many of things said that the Demonetisation will cut down the growth speed of E-commerce market in India. The extent it affects the e-commerce business as well but that doesn’t mean it will slows down the growth speed. Why is it so? Let’s see; in the year 2016 in the nine months to September, the ecommerce sector pulled in just $1.4 billion in fresh funding. Big-ticket deals have become a thing of the past. Grocery e-tailer BigBasket, ticketing platform Bookmyshow and eyewear e-tailer Lenskart were the only three firms that pulled in serious money. BigBasket raised $150 million in March from an investor consortium led by Dubai’s Abraaj Group; Bookmyshow closed a $81.5 million growth round in May from a group of investors led by New York-based private equity firm Stripes Group, and Lenskart raised $60 million from International Finance Corp., TPG Growth and other investors. Another potentially large deal this year was e-commerce marketplace Shopclues’ growth round in January. The company didn’t disclose the size of the round, but it is estimated at between $100 million and $140 million.

Although the demonetisation has impacted on Cash on Delivery policy of many of big giants likes Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal,etc. but they all agree that demonetisation is good for e-commerce industry. To tackle the after-effects of demonetization, e-commerce platforms have added credit card on delivery as one of the payment options to put customers running out of cash at some ease. Amazon witnessed 10 times growth in credit card delivery mode. Websites like Snapdeal and Flipkart have also been offering more discounts on online payments and zero cost EMI schemes. CCAvenue company got 40% increase online transaction while Paytm has more 7 million transactions per day claiming more than $1.2 billion. Mobile payment transaction value in India is also likely to register over 150 per cent CAGR and cross Rs 2,000 trillion by FY 2021-22 from just over Rs 8 trillion as of FY 2015-16, the study titled Indian M-wallet market said.

The major factor driving e-commerce growth in India is the country's huge uptake of mobile phones. India is the world's biggest consumer of mobile phones, with the price of data plans running two times cheaper than in China and three times cheaper than in the United States. As the country's middle-class switches over to 3G and 4G networks, both offered at affordable prices, India is expected to see more mobile shopping, especially amongst millennials. Young people shopping via smartphones are already responsible for sharp increases in India's online spend; and with70 per cent of the population below the age of 35, millennials are expected to continue driving rapid digitisation even further.

To position their business for future success, merchants must recognise not only India'senormous potential for e-commerce growth but also its unique payment preferences. Transfers and cash currently dominate the online payment landscape, with 27 per cent of the market preferring bank transfers, followed by cash on delivery at 22 per cent. However, as the country's payment infrastructure develops, new methods are expected to rise in popularity. E-wallets, the most popular payment method worldwide, are slated for rapid growth in India. Although just eight per cent of India's online shoppers use an e-wallet today, the country's mobile wallet market is projected to reach $5.1 billion in 2020, according to Worldpay.

Business Management Software

Business Management Software (BMS/ERP)

ERP integrate all data and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules. The stored data is a shared database that supports multiple functions used by different business units. In practice, this means that employees in different divisions—for example, accounting and sales—can rely on the same information for their specific needs.

A Brief History of BMS/ERP The term ERP was coined in 1990 by Gartner1, but its roots date to the 1960s. Back then, the concept applied to inventory management and control in the manufacturing sector. Software engineers created programs to monitor inventory, reconcile balances, and report on status. By the 1970s, this had evolved into Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems for scheduling production processes.
In the 1980s, MRP grew to encompass more manufacturing processes, prompting many to call it MRP-II or Manufacturing Resource Planning. By 1990, these systems had expanded beyond inventory control and other operational processes to other back-office functions like accounting and human resources, setting the stage for ERP as we've come to know it.
Today, ERP has expanded to encompass business intelligence (BI) while also handling "front-office" functions such as sales force automation (SFA), marketing automation and ecommerce. With these product advancements and the success stories coming out of these systems, companies in a broad range of industries—from wholesale distribution to ecommerce—use ERP solutions.
Moreover, even though the "e" in ERP stands for "enterprise," high-growth and mid-size companies are now rapidly adopting ERP systems. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solutions—also referred to as "cloud computing"—have helped fuel this growth. Cloud-based solutions not only make ERP software more affordable, they also make these systems easier to implement and manage. Perhaps even more importantly, cloud ERP enables real-time reporting and BI, making them even valuable to executives and staff seeking visibility into the business.
As a result, companies of all sizes and a wide range of industries are transitioning to cloud ERP systems. In fact, Forrester predicts that SaaS-based ERP adoption will rise 21 percent annually through 2015.2 When you stop to consider the benefits of ERP, it's easy to see why it's become so popular and why its use will continue to grow so rapidly.

Enterprise ERP Trends The ERP field can be slow to change, but the last couple of years have unleashed forces which are fundamentally shifting the entire area. The following new and continuing trends affect enterprise ERP software:

1. Mobile ERP Executives and employees want real-time access to information, regardless of where they are. It is expected that businesses will embrace mobile ERP for the reports, dashboards and to conduct key business processes.
2. Cloud ERP The cloud has been advancing steadily into the enterprise for some time, but many ERP users have been reluctant to place data cloud. Those reservations have gradually been evaporating, however, as the advantages of the cloud become apparent.
3. Social ERP There has been much hype around social media and how important —or not — it is to add to ERP systems. Certainly, vendors have been quick to seize the initiative, adding social media packages to their ERP systems with much fanfare. But some wonder if there is really much gain to be had by integrating social media with ERP.
4. Two-tier ERP Enterprises once attempted to build an all-encompassing ERP system to take care of every aspect of organizational systems. But some expensive failures have gradually brought about a change in strategy – adopting two tiers of ERP.

The Business Value of ERP At its core, ERP helps employees do their jobs more efficiently by breaking down barriers between business units. More specifically, an ERP solution:

• Gives a global, real-time view of data that can enable companies to address concerns proactively and drive improvements
• Improves financial compliance with regulatory standards and reduces risk
• Automates core business operations such as lead-to-cash, order-to-fulfillment, and procure-to-pay processes
• Enhances customer service by providing one source for billing and relationship tracking.

ERP for the small and medium segments A few years back, ERP was a distant concept, perceived as applicable for the most elite of companies, with deep pockets, who are ready to experiment with new ideas. Today, the scene has significantly changed and ERP is considered as a desirable tool for most organizations, in the medium and small sectors.
Entrepreneurs now seriously consider ERP as panacea for all their present day ills and as an imperative to retain their competitive edge. Some of the factors that have catalyzed this process are globalization, competition, need for faster response to the market place and the pressure to contain costs and improve efficiencies.
While ERP implementation can be undertaken by a well-run organization as a proactive measure to be ahead in the race, the normal symptoms that would suggest the need for ERP would be high levels of inventory, mismatched stock, lack of coordinated activity, excessive need for reconciliation, flouting of controls, poor customer response levels and operations falling short of industry benchmarks in terms of cost controls, and general efficiency.
ERP is often considered synonymous with enterprise computerization, which significantly dilutes the concept. It is really a business tool, which seamlessly integrates the strategic initiatives and policies of the organization with the operations, thus providing an effective means of translating strategic business goals to real time planning and control.
ERP, hence, means much more than computerizing the existing operations and is really an integrated change process, which encompasses all levels and elevates the total organization to a higher level of information, expertise and intelligence.
The SME segment is large and offers substantial potential to the ERP vendor. However, this segment is also extremely price-sensitive and is generally intolerant of high gestations on realizations from investment.
Hence, this segment would be keen on an effective but low priced solution, which can be speedily implemented and vendors have realized the potential of this segment and are working out ways to meet this requirement.

ERP Solutions for Small Businesses As sales of ERP systems to large manufacturing companies began to slow, some vendors changed their focus to smaller companies. According to a survey by AMR research reported in Modern Materials Handling, the overall market for ERP systems grew 21 percent in 1998, despite the fact that sales to companies with greater than $1 billion in revenues declined 14 percent during the same period. "ERP applications are no longer just the stuff of huge corporations," Constance Loizos noted in Industry Week. "While billion-dollar manufacturing companies are now completing their ERP implementations, mid-size customers—witness to the improved business processes of manufacturing market leaders—are beginning to refine their own operations…. Invariably the most substantial reason for companies to implement ERP is that without it, staying competitive is a practical impossibility. The business world is moving ever closer toward a completely collaborative model, and that means companies must increasingly share with their suppliers, distributors, and customers the in-house information that they once so vigorously protected."
Of course, small and medium-sized companies—as well as those involved in service rather than manufacturing industries—have different resources, infrastructure, and needs than the large industrial corporations who provided the original market for ERP systems. Vendors had to create a new generation of ERP software that was easier to install, more manageable, required less implementation time, and entailed lower startup costs. Many of these new systems were more modular, which allowed installation to proceed in smaller increments with less support from information technology professionals. Other small businesses elected to outsource their ERP needs to vendors. For a fixed amount of money, the vendor would supply the technology and the support staff needed to implement and maintain it. This option often proved easier and cheaper than buying and implementing a whole system, particularly when the software and technology seemed likely to become outdated within a few years.
Benefits

• Eases decision making
• Increases efficiency of business
• Increases data security
• Makes work transparent
• Increase co-ordination between diverse departments
• Improves the relationship between customer and business
• Lowers the cost operation
• Provides a competitive advantage

Business Management Software (BMS/ERP)

ERP integrate all data and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules. The stored data is a shared database that supports multiple functions used by different business units. In practice, this means that employees in different divisions—for example, accounting and sales—can rely on the same information for their specific needs.

A Brief History of BMS/ERP

The term ERP was coined in 1990 by Gartner1, but its roots date to the 1960s. Back then, the concept applied to inventory management and control in the manufacturing sector. Software engineers created programs to monitor inventory, reconcile balances, and report on status. By the 1970s, this had evolved into Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems for scheduling production processes.

In the 1980s, MRP grew to encompass more manufacturing processes, prompting many to call it MRP-II or Manufacturing Resource Planning. By 1990, these systems had expanded beyond inventory control and other operational processes to other back-office functions like accounting and human resources, setting the stage for ERP as we've come to know it.

Today, ERP has expanded to encompass business intelligence (BI) while also handling "front-office" functions such as sales force automation (SFA), marketing automation and ecommerce. With these product advancements and the success stories coming out of these systems, companies in a broad range of industries—from wholesale distribution to ecommerce—use ERP solutions.

Moreover, even though the "e" in ERP stands for "enterprise," high-growth and mid-size companies are now rapidly adopting ERP systems. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solutions—also referred to as "cloud computing"—have helped fuel this growth. Cloud-based solutions not only make ERP software more affordable, they also make these systems easier to implement and manage. Perhaps even more importantly, cloud ERP enables real-time reporting and BI, making them even valuable to executives and staff seeking visibility into the business.

As a result, companies of all sizes and a wide range of industries are transitioning to cloud ERP systems. In fact, Forrester predicts that SaaS-based ERP adoption will rise 21 percent annually through 2015.2 When you stop to consider the benefits of ERP, it's easy to see why it's become so popular and why its use will continue to grow so rapidly.

Enterprise ERP Trends

The ERP field can be slow to change, but the last couple of years have unleashed forces which are fundamentally shifting the entire area. The following new and continuing trends affect enterprise ERP software:

1. Mobile ERP
   Executives and employees want real-time access to information, regardless of where they are. It is expected that businesses will embrace mobile ERP for the reports, dashboards and to conduct key business processes.
2. Cloud ERP
   The cloud has been advancing steadily into the enterprise for some time, but many ERP users have been reluctant to place data cloud. Those reservations have gradually been evaporating, however, as the advantages of the cloud become apparent.
3. Social ERP
   There has been much hype around social media and how important —or not — it is to add to ERP systems. Certainly, vendors have been quick to seize the initiative, adding social media packages to their ERP systems with much fanfare. But some wonder if there is really much gain to be had by integrating social media with ERP.
4. Two-tier ERP
   Enterprises once attempted to build an all-encompassing ERP system to take care of every aspect of organizational systems. But some expensive failures have gradually brought about a change in strategy – adopting two tiers of ERP.

The Business Value of ERP

At its core, ERP helps employees do their jobs more efficiently by breaking down barriers between business units. More specifically, an ERP solution:

•  Gives a global, real-time view of data that can enable companies to address concerns proactively and drive improvements
•  Improves financial compliance with regulatory standards and reduces risk
•  Automates core business operations such as lead-to-cash, order-to-fulfillment, and procure-to-pay processes
•  Enhances customer service by providing one source for billing and relationship tracking.

ERP for the small and medium segments

A few years back, ERP was a distant concept, perceived as applicable for the most elite of companies, with deep pockets, who are ready to experiment with new ideas. Today, the scene has significantly changed and ERP is considered as a desirable tool for most organizations, in the medium and small sectors.

Entrepreneurs now seriously consider ERP as panacea for all their present day ills and as an imperative to retain their competitive edge. Some of the factors that have catalyzed this process are globalization, competition, need for faster response to the market place and the pressure to contain costs and improve efficiencies.

While ERP implementation can be undertaken by a well-run organization as a proactive measure to be ahead in the race, the normal symptoms that would suggest the need for ERP would be high levels of inventory, mismatched stock, lack of coordinated activity, excessive need for reconciliation, flouting of controls, poor customer response levels and operations falling short of industry benchmarks in terms of cost controls, and general efficiency.

ERP is often considered synonymous with enterprise computerization, which significantly dilutes the concept. It is really a business tool, which seamlessly integrates the strategic initiatives and policies of the organization with the operations, thus providing an effective means of translating strategic business goals to real time planning and control.

ERP, hence, means much more than computerizing the existing operations and is really an integrated change process, which encompasses all levels and elevates the total organization to a higher level of information, expertise and intelligence.

The SME segment is large and offers substantial potential to the ERP vendor. However, this segment is also extremely price-sensitive and is generally intolerant of high gestations on realizations from investment.

Hence, this segment would be keen on an effective but low priced solution, which can be speedily implemented and vendors have realized the potential of this segment and are working out ways to meet this requirement.

ERP Solutions for Small Businesses

As sales of ERP systems to large manufacturing companies began to slow, some vendors changed their focus to smaller companies. According to a survey by AMR research reported in Modern Materials Handling, the overall market for ERP systems grew 21 percent in 1998, despite the fact that sales to companies with greater than $1 billion in revenues declined 14 percent during the same period. "ERP applications are no longer just the stuff of huge corporations," Constance Loizos noted in Industry Week. "While billion-dollar manufacturing companies are now completing their ERP implementations, mid-size customers—witness to the improved business processes of manufacturing market leaders—are beginning to refine their own operations…. Invariably the most substantial reason for companies to implement ERP is that without it, staying competitive is a practical impossibility. The business world is moving ever closer toward a completely collaborative model, and that means companies must increasingly share with their suppliers, distributors, and customers the in-house information that they once so vigorously protected."

Of course, small and medium-sized companies—as well as those involved in service rather than manufacturing industries—have different resources, infrastructure, and needs than the large industrial corporations who provided the original market for ERP systems. Vendors had to create a new generation of ERP software that was easier to install, more manageable, required less implementation time, and entailed lower startup costs. Many of these new systems were more modular, which allowed installation to proceed in smaller increments with less support from information technology professionals. Other small businesses elected to outsource their ERP needs to vendors. For a fixed amount of money, the vendor would supply the technology and the support staff needed to implement and maintain it. This option often proved easier and cheaper than buying and implementing a whole system, particularly when the software and technology seemed likely to become outdated within a few years.

Benefits

•  Eases decision making
•  Increases efficiency of business
•  Increases data security
•  Makes work transparent
•  Increase co-ordination between diverse departments
•  Improves the relationship between customer and business
•  Lowers the cost operation
•  Provides a competitive advantage

Introduction of PHP

The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP .PHP scripts are executed on the server.PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) .PHP is an open source language.PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.

PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994.

•  PHP originally stood for "Personal Home Page".
•  PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".
•  PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites.
•  It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
•  PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.
•  PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for the first time.
•  PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.
•  PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Common uses of PHP

•  PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read, write, and close them.
•  PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".
•  PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through email you can send data, return data to the user.
•  You add, delete, modify elements within your database through PHP.
•  Access cookies variables and set cookies.
•  Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.
•  It can encrypt data.

Characteristics of PHP

Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible −

•  Simplicity
•  Efficiency
•  Security
•  Flexibility
•  Familiarity

Features

Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible −

•  In PHP there is no need to specify data type for variable declaration. Rather, it can be determined at the time of execution depends on the value of the variable. So that, PHP is called as loosely typed language.
•  PHP provides cross platform compatibility, unlike some other server side scripting language.
•  PHP has set of pre defined variables called superglobals which will be start by _. Some of the examples are, $_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE, $_SESSION, $_SERVER and etc. So, any variable except superglobals, that are start with _ will cause error.
•  PHP programming structure includes variable variables; that is, the name of the variable can be change dynamically.
•  This language contains access monitoring capability to create logs as the summary of recent accesses.
•  And then, it includes several magic methods that begins with __ character which will be defined and called at appropriate instance. For example, __clone() will be called, when the clone keyword is used.
•  Predefined error reporting constants are available to generate a warning or error notice. For example, when E_STRICT is enabled, a warning about deprecated methods will be generated.
•  PHP supports extended regular expression that leads extensive pattern matching with remarkable speed.
•  And then, properties like, nowdocs and heredocs are used to delimit some block of context which should not be sent for parsing.
•  Since PHP is a single inheritance language, the parent class methods can be derived by only one directly inherited sub class. But, the implementation of traits concept, reduce the gap over this limitation and allow to reuse required method in several classes.

"Hello" Script in PHP
To get a feel for PHP, first start with simple PHP scripts. Since "Hello, World!" is an essential example, first we will create a friendly little "Hello, World!" script.
As mentioned earlier, PHP is embedded in HTML. That means that in amongst your normal HTML (or XHTML if you're cutting-edge) you'll have PHP statements like this –

<html>
<head>
<title> Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo “Hello!”; ?>
</body>
</html>
It will produce following result −
Hello!

If you examine the HTML output of the above example, you'll notice that the PHP code is not present in the file sent from the server to your Web browser. All of the PHP present in the Web page is processed and stripped from the page; the only thing returned to the client from the Web server is pure HTML output.

Most Basic PHP Syntax A PHP scripting block always starts with '<?php' and ends with '?>' . A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document.

PHP Variable Declaration
All variables in PHP begin with the $ sign.
Ex.
<?php
$my_variable = 20;
$my_variable2 = “Hello World”;
?>

Variable Rules
You have to follow some rules when naming a variable:

1. A variable name cannot contain spaces.
2. A variable name must start with a letter or an underscore ( _ )
3. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and _ )

String Variables
<?php
$my_string = “Hello everybody”;
echo $my_string;
?>

strlen() function
The PHP strlen() used to get length of string

<?php
echo strlen("I’m sorry dave, I’m afraid I can’t do that.");
?>

The result of the statement will be a number (the length of the string including space and signs, not only the characters), in this case the number 43.

strpos() function
The PHP strpos() function is used to search for a character or string within a string. If the character is found the strpos() function will return the position of the first match. If strpos() can’t find the character in the string, it will return FALSE.

<?php
echo strpos(“Open the pod bay doors please, HAL”,”HAL”);
echo strpos(“Open the pod bay doors please, HAL”,”H”);
?>

The position of the string “HAL” in the whole string is position 31 (the space before the string HAL.) The reason that it is 31 (space) and not 32 (the character H) is that the first position in the string is 0, and not 1.

Concatenation Operator
PHP has only one string operator. If you want to put two string values together you can use the concatenation operator (.) 

<?php
$str_one=”Hello“;
$str_two=”World!”;
echo $str_one . “ “. $str_two;
?>

The result will be “Hello World!”.